采用生命周期影响评价软件ReCiPe2016研究煤矸石和煤燃烧时As和Pb排放的环境效应

在煤和煤矸石燃烧的过程中，许多重金属污染物排放到大气中，从而造成严重的环境问题，因此研究煤燃烧过程中重金属排放的环境效应很有必要。本研究运用ReCiPe2016软件计算了煤矸石和煤在330 MW煤粉炉、50 kW循环流化床和实验室燃烧时As和Pb排放的环境影响值。结果表明当煤在330 MW煤粉炉燃烧的时候，底渣、飞灰、烟气中的As排放对环境的影响值分别是3.28×10^-6、2.68×10^-5、3.89×10^-3，底渣、飞灰、烟气中的Pb排放对环境的影响值分别是8.57×10^-6、6.00×10^-5、4.83×10^-2。底渣中的As和Pb排放对环境的影响比飞灰中低；As和Pb排放到大气对环境的影响比排放到土壤高。另外，当煤在50 kW循环流化床燃烧的时候，飞灰中的As和Pb排放对环境的影响值分别是3.26×10^-5和1.28×10^-4，底渣中的As和Pb排放对环境的影响值分别是1.16×10^-6和1.43×10^-5。本文的研究结果还表明当煤矸石在实验室燃烧的时候，随着燃烧温度的升高，As和Pb排放对环境的影响值升高。另外，As和Pb排放到大气对环境的影响占总环境的影响比例比排放到土壤高。此项研究还表明当煤在煤粉炉和循环流化床燃烧的时候，相同工况下Pb排放对环境的影响比As高。这项结果也为运用生命周期影响评价软件预测煤矸石在循环流化床燃烧As和Pb排放的环境影响提供基础数据。

Study on the environmental effects of heavy metals in coal gangue and coal combustion by ReCiPe2016 for life cycle impact assessment

During coal and coal gangue combustion, many heavy metal pollutants are emitted and cause serious environmental problems. In this paper, the environmental effect values of As and Pb emission during coal gangue and coal combustion in the 330 MW pulverized coal boiler, 50 kW circulated fluidized bed boiler and laboratory were calculated by ReCiPe2016. The results show that when coal combustion in 330 MW pulverized coal boiler, the environment effect values of As for bottom slag, fly ash and flue gas are 3.28×10^-6, 2.68×10^-5 and 3.89×10^-3 respectively; while the environment effect value of Pb for bottom slag, fly ash and flue gas are 8.57×10^-6, 6.00×10^-5 and 4.83×10^-2, respectively. The environmental effects of As and Pb in bottom slag are lower than those in the fly ash; and the environmental effects of As and Pb on air are higher than those on soil. Moreover, when coal combustion in the 50 kW circulated fluidized boiler, the effect values of As and Pb in fly ash on environment are 3.26×10^-5 and 1.28×10^-4; and the effect values of As and Pb in bottom slag are 1.16×10^-6 and 1.43×10^-5 respectively. The results also show that when coal gangue combustion in the laboratory, the effect values of As and Pb emission increase with increasing of the temperature; and the proportions of total environmental effects of As and Pb on air are higher than those on soil. Besides that, this study also indicates that the effect of Pb emitted into environment is higher than that of As at the same conditions during coal combustion both in circulated fluidized boiler and pulverized coal boiler. The results may provide basic data for predicting the environmental effects of As and Pb during coal gangue combustion in circulating fluidized bed for life cycle impact assessment.