同步辐射X射线成像技术在脑成像研究中的应用

脑疾病的诊疗、 探索高级脑功能机制和理解意识本源对脑科学研究具有重要意义. 成像技术在阐明脑科学神经系统结构和功能中发挥了重要作用. 迄今, 核磁共振成像、 光学成像和电子显微镜成像技术已为脑科学研究提供了强有力的手段, 取得了突出的进展. 同步辐射X射线显微成像技术具有高分辨率、 快成像速度和高穿透深度等优点, 是一类与已有技术互补的新型脑成像技术. 本文介绍了核磁共振波谱、 光学显微镜和电子显微镜等成像方法在脑成像领域中的应用, 重点阐述了同步辐射X射线成像的优势以及在脑结构成像和功能成像中的应用. 在此基础上, 展望了同步辐射X射线成像应用于脑科学研究的未来发展方向, 讨论了该技术在绘制人脑联接图谱中的优势及可行性.

Synchrotron-based X-ray Microscopy for Brain Imaging

The diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases， the exploration of advanced brain function mechanisms and the understanding of the origin of consciousness are of great significance to brain research. Imaging techniques have played an important role in elucidating the structure and function of the nervous system in brain science. So far， magnetic resonance imaging， optical imaging and electron microscopy imaging have provided powerful means for brain research and have made outstanding progress. Synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy imaging technology has the advantages of high resolution， fast imaging speed， and high penetration depth. It is a new type of brain imaging technology that complements existing technologies. In this review， we first briefly introduce the application of imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging， optical imaging and electron microscopy imaging in the field of brain imaging， and focuse on the advantages of synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy and its application in brain structure and function imaging. On this basis， we propose the future development direction of the application of synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy in brain research， and discuss the advantages and feasibility of this technology in mapping human brain connectivity.