对称桥头二取代金刚烷衍生物的合成

以易得的1-金刚烷甲酸为原料, 合成了一系列对称桥头二取代金刚烷衍生物. 由1-金刚烷甲酸经Koch-Haaf羰基化反应得到1,3-金刚烷二甲酸(1); 化合物1经还原得到1,3-金刚烷二甲醇(2); 化合物2在HBr-ZnBr₂体系中经溴代反应得1,3-二(溴甲基)金刚烷(3); 同时经Apple-Lee反应将化合物2转化得到1,3-二(氯甲基)金刚烷(4). 采用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱等手段表征了产物的结构, 提出了可能的反应机理, 并对合成条件进行了优化.

Synthesis of Symmetrical Disubstituted Bridgehead Adamantane Derivatives†

The symmetric bridge disubstituted adamantane derivatives are the key raw materials or interme-diates for preparing multisubstituted adamantane derivatives with admantane as the core. With 1-adamantane carboxylic acid that is more efficient and economical as an initial reactant, a series of synthesis technologies of symmetrical disubstituted bridgehead adamantane derivatives which have significant applications, were studied in this work. Those synthesis technologies include the following: 1,3-adamantane dicarboxylic acid(1) was synthesized by 1-adamantane carboxylic acid through Koch-Haaf carbonylation; compound 1 was reduced to get 1,3-adamantane dimethanol(2); compound 2 reacted by bromination in HBr-ZnBr₂ system to afford 1,3-dibromomethyl adamantane(3). Meanwhile, compound 2 converted to 1,3-dichloromethyl adamantane(4) through Apple-Lee reaction. The structures of prepared products were confirmed by IR spectra and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The possible reaction mechanism was proposed, and the synthesis conditions were discussed and optimized for each technology respectively.