磷杂菲改性腰果酚多元醇的合成及阻燃聚氨酯硬泡性能

采用生物质原料腰果酚和9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)为原料, 合成了一种磷杂菲改性腰果酚多元醇(P-Cardanol-Polyol), 并利用核磁共振氢谱和磷谱对其结构进行了表征. 利用P-Cardanol-Polyol对聚氨酯硬泡(RPUF)进行阻燃改性, 得到一系列阻燃聚氨酯硬泡. 考察了P-Cardanol-Polyol的用量对阻燃聚氨酯硬泡的形貌、 密度、 热导率、 压缩性能、 热稳定性以及阻燃性能的影响. 研究结果表明, P-Cardanol-Polyol对聚氨酯硬泡的密度影响可以忽略不计; 随着P-Cardanol-Polyol的加入, 阻燃聚氨酯硬泡的平均孔径逐渐减小, 热导率也逐渐降低. 未改性聚氨酯硬泡的最大热释放速率和总放热量分别为390 kW/m²和31.9 MJ/m², 阻燃聚氨酯硬泡则降低至340 kW/m²和24.6 MJ/m². 此外, 阻燃聚氨酯硬泡的压缩强度比未改性聚氨酯硬泡提升了约13%. 炭层分析结果表明, P-Cardanol-Polyol能够促进聚氨酯硬泡形成连续致密且具有良好抗热氧化性能的炭层, 有利于减少燃烧过程中可燃性气体的逸出, 从而提升阻燃性能.

Synthesis of Phosphaphenanthrene-modified Cardanol-based Polyol and Its Performance as Flame Retardant in Rigid Polyurethane Foams

A phosphaphenanthrene-modified cardanol-based polyol（P-Cardanol-Polyol） was synthesized from car-danol and 9，10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide（DOPO）， and its structure was characterized by ¹H and ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR） spectra. Subsequently， P-Cardanol-Polyol was used to prepare a series of flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams（RPUFs）. The effects of P-Cardanol-Polyol on the morphology， density， thermal conductivity， compression property， thermal stability and flame-retardant properties of RPUFs were investigated. The results showed that P-Cardanol-Polyol had a negligible effect on the density of RPUFs； with the increased amount of P-Cardanol-Polyol， the average pore size and the thermal conductivity of flame-retardant RPUFs decreased gradually. The maximum heat release rate and total heat release of the unmodified RPUF were 390 kW/m² and 31.9 MJ/m²， respectively， while those of flame-retardant RPUF were reduced to 340 kW/m² and 24.6 MJ/m². In addition， the compressive strength of flame-retardant RPUF was about 13% higher than that of unmodified RPUF. The results of char analysis showed that P-Cardanol-Polyol can promote the formation of a continuous and dense char layer with good thermal-oxidative resistance， which is conducive to reducing the escape of combustible gases during combustion， so as to improve the flame-retardant performance.