2]Catenane assembly from calix[4]arene crown ethers [In Process Citation

A variety of novel calix4]arene-incorporating crown ethers with or without intramolecular hydrogen bonding have been prepared by two efficient methods and utilized as donor rings to assemble calix4]arene 2]catenanes based on pi-stacking interaction between hydroquinone and bipyridinium units. Treatment of calix4]arene crown ethers 4, 10a, or 10b, whose cone conformation was fixed by intramolecular hydrogen bonding within the calix4]arene moiety, with dicationic salt 15 x 2PF6 and dibromide 16 afforded the corresponding 2]catenanes 17a x 4PF6, 17b x 4PF6, and 17c x 4PF6 in 20%, 53%, and 55% yields, respectively, whereas from the reactions of 15 x 2PF6 and dibromide 16 in the presence of conformationally flexible 11 or 12 with a cone conformation kept by two propyl groups, 2]catenanes 18 x 4PF6 and 19 x 4PF6 were obtained in 12% and 6% yields. 2]Catenanes 21a x 4Cl, 21b x 4Cl, and 21c x 4Cl, incorporating calix4]arene in both the donor and acceptor rings, were also successfully assembled from 10a or 10b, 16, and dicationic salts 20a x 2PF6 or 20b x 2PF6. The dynamic 1H NMR and absorption spectra of the 2]catenanes have been investigated, which revealed a strongest donor-acceptor interaction in 17a x 4PF6 and that the cone 2]catenanes 17a-c x 4PF6 can isomerize to the partial cone isomer at high temperature. The difference of the dynamic properties of these catenanes was discussed. The results demonstrate that catenation is one new general method to change the conformational distributions of calix4]arenes.