质子交换膜燃料电池零下冷启动研究

在零下启动过程中，质子交换膜燃料电池阴极中氧气还原反应生成的水会在催化剂层内部结冰，因而阻碍氧气传输，覆盖催化剂层反应活性位点，降低电化学活性面积，影响燃料电池发电性能，甚至会导致零下启动失败；同时，结冰/融化循环还会破坏膜电极结构，影响燃料电池寿命。因此，质子交换膜燃料电池零下启动技术的研究对促进燃料电池汽车的推广应用有重要意义。本文针对质子交换膜燃料电池的零下启动过程，从实验研究、机理解释、模型分析及策略开发等角度对文献内容进行了梳理，并对涉及质子交换膜燃料电池零下启动过程的专利技术进行了总结。

A review on subzero startup of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

During subzero startup process, water generated in oxygen reduction reaction at cathode side of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is susceptible to freeze, hindering transport of reactants, covering active sites, reducing electrochemical surface area, leading to significant loss of cell performance and even ending up with a failure to startup. Meanwhile, freeze/thaw cycling will destroy the structure of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and impair the life time of PEMFC. Thereby, studies on the subzero startup processes of PEMFCs are crucial to the commercial promotion of fuel cell vehicles. In this article, the experimental studies, mechanistic insights, modeling analysis and coping strategies of the subzero startup operation are reviewed with great details. Furthermore, patents reporting mitigation strategies are also included.