金属离子的光催化去除研究进展

利用光催化剂表面的光生电子或空穴等活性物种，通过还原或氧化反应去除水相中的金属离子，是与环境保护、贵金属回收或金属担载催化剂制备相关的重要过程。笔者结合半导体的结构特征，综述了利用光催化还原反应或氧化反应，对铬、汞、铜、镍、银及铂、钯等贵金属和锰、铀等的光催化去除效果，介绍了该技术在处理金属离子混合体系实现金属分离过程的应用。结合有关实验数据，对一些可能反应机制进行了探讨。对与环境保护及其它相关工艺过程的应用进行了介绍。

An Overview of Photocatalytic Removal of Metal Ions

The removal of metal ions in aqueous medium by photocatalytic reaction induced by photogenerated electrons or holes on the surface of photocatalyst was an important application process related with environment protection, noble metal recovery and metal loaded catalyst preparation. In this paper, combined with the energy structure of semiconductor photocatalyst, photocatalytic transformation of metal ions which include chromium, mercury, copper,and nickel, silver, platinum, manganese and uranium into non toxic or less toxic species, or deposition metal on the surface of catalyst in order to recovery noble metals was reviewed. Separation of metals from practical mixtures in effluents by photocatalytic process was recommended. The related possible mechanism was discussed; the applications in the environmental protection and other fields were introduced.