核酸适配体在癌症诊断中的研究进展

核酸适配体是通过指数富集配体系统进化技术(SELEX)从体外合成的寡核苷酸文库中筛选得到的短的寡核苷酸分子(ssDNA或RNA)。核酸适配体能够通过折叠成特定的空间结构与靶标分子进行特异性结合,与抗体相比,适配体具有高亲和力、易修饰、低成本、易于合成和低免疫原性等优势,可以针对细胞、蛋白质、组织、生长因子进行癌症生物标志物的研究。作为一种新的诊断方法,其在分子诊断领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了近年来核酸适配体在肺癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌诊断中的应用研究,阐明了核酸适配体作为分子探针从细胞的检测到血清的检测所扮演的作用。

Research Progress of Aptamers in Cancer Diagnosis

Aptamers are short oligonucleotide molecules (ssDNA or RNA) screened from in vitro synthesized oligonucleotide libraries by exponential enrichment ligand phylogenetic technique (SELEX). Cancer, as a malignant diseases, is the second-leading cause of death worldwide. While many cancers can be detected, current diagnostic efforts exhibit definite room for improvement. It is imperative that a person be diagnosed with cancer as early on in its progression as possible. Aptamers can bind to target molecules specifically by folding into specific spatial structures, Compared with antibodies, aptamers have a great deal of advantages, such as high affinity, easy modification, low cost, easy synthesis and low immunogenicity, which can be used for the research of cancer biomarkers, such as cells, proteins, tissues and growth factors. As a new method for cancer diagnosis, they have broad application prospects in molecular diagnosis. This paper reviews the application of aptamers in the diagnosis of lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and prostate cancer in recent years, and the role of aptamers as molecular probes from cell detection to serum detection is clarified.