刚棒线团分子的自组装研究进展

超分子化学领域的自组装研究是近年来研究的热点,对这种由一种或多种结构单元自发聚集而成具有一定尺寸和结构的过程研究已经取得了重大进展。以亲水基团和亲脂基团为主要构成单元的两亲性分子在自组装领域中的表现优异于其他分子,其亲水的刚性棒状基团和疏水的柔性线团基团通过不同方法共同构成了各种类型的刚柔两亲性分子,而在水溶液中自组装而成不同结构与性能的聚集体又与两亲性分子的结构密切相关。目前,已报道的调控超分子自组装的方法大致可以分为两类,即外部刺激法和自身修复法,本文亦从这两个方面总结了近年来刚棒-线团分子自组装的研究进展。

Research Progress on Self-Assembly of Rigid Rod-Coil Molecules

The study of self-assembly in the field of supramolecular chemistry has been a hot topic in recent years, and significant progress has been made in the process of spontaneous aggregation of one or more structural units with a certain size and structure. Amphiphilic molecules with hydrophilic groups and lipophilic groups as the main constituent units perform better than other molecules in the field of self-assembly. The hydrophilic rigid rod-shaped groups and hydrophobic flexible coil groups are shared by different methods. Various types of rigid and flexible amphiphilic molecules are formed, and aggregates with different structures and properties formed by self-assembly in aqueous solution are closely related to the structure of amphiphilic molecules. At present, the methods that have been reported to regulate supramolecular self-assembly can be roughly divided into two categories, namely external stimulation methods and self-repair methods. At the supramolecular level, by precisely regulating the arrangement of molecules to obtain nanoscale structures with specific structures, significant progress has been made in the applications of biomedicine, microelectronics and high-tech materials.