海水淡化用碳基电极材料及电容去离子技术研究进展

电容去离子技术(Capacitive Deionization,CDI)可以通过断电或电极反接方式使盐离子脱附,达到电极再生的目的,实现电极的可循环利用,其在海水淡化处理技术中具有独特的优势,逐渐成为一种缓和淡水资源紧缺和水污染的极具前景的技术手段。近年来,CDI处理技术正在向电极高效、无二次污染方向转变,未来将进一步聚焦碳基电极材料功能化(碳材料,钛碳化物MXenes,掺杂改性石墨烯材料)、装置和工艺设计优化等重要方向。为深入研究CDI海水淡化技术机理,进一步探索CDI方法在实际应用中的潜力,分别对CDI的脱盐机理、电极材料、装置和工艺设计对电吸附效率和性能的研究进展进行了总结,回顾CDI脱盐效果与电极材料、CDI电池装置设计等因素之间的密切关系,并对CDI技术在海水淡化中的研究发展提出展望。

Carbon-based Electrode Materials and Capacitive Deionization Technology for Seawater Desalination

Capacitive deionization (CDI) technology can desalinate salt ions through power off or electrodes reverse, and thus realizes electrode regeneration and recyclability, which has gradually been considered as a promising technology to alleviate a scarcity in freshwater resources and water pollution due to the unique merit among the technology in seawater desalinations. Recently, CDI technology is approaching to high efficiency and green chemistry, which will focus on hot researches, such as functionalized electrode materials (carbon, transition metal carbides, graphene-doped materials), device and process optimizations. In order to further study CDI mechanism in seawater desalinations and its potential in CDI technology for practical applications, in this review, we summarize research progress, including desalination mechanism, electrode materials, device design for the enhancement in electro-sorption efficiency and performance. Moreover, we assess the relationship among desalination effect, electrode materials, and device configurations. Finally, we provide the prospect for further development of CDI technology in seawater desalination.