Microfluidic cell with a TiO2-modified gold electrode irradiated by an UV-LED for in situ photocatalytic decomposition of organic matter and its potentiality for voltammetric analysis of metal ions |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Energy Technologies, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;2. Centre for Research in Nanoengineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Pascual i Vila 15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;3. Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;1. Institute of Energy Technologies and Centre for Research in Nanoengineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;2. Departamento de Química Aplicada, Edificio de los Acebos, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía s/n, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain;3. Institute for Advanced Materials (InaMat), Universidad Pública de Navarra, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain;1. Soft Matter, Fluidics and Interfaces, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands;2. Membrane Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands;1. Université de Lorraine, LRGP, UMR 7274, 1 Rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy, France;2. CNRS, LRGP, UMR 7274, 1 Rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy, France;3. Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Rue du Morvan CS 60027, 54519 Vand?uvre Cedex, France;1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, PR China;2. College of Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute, Yangzhou 225127, PR China;3. School of Textiles and Clothing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China;1. Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo km.12.5 28905, Getafe, Madrid, Spain;2. Department of Laboratory Medicine, IML, IdiSSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Calle Prof. Martín Lagos s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain;3. Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Zarzuela, Calle de Pléyades 25, 28023, Madrid, Spain;4. Department of Epidemiology, IdiSSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Calle Prof. Martín Lagos s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain;5. Department of Public Health, University Francisco de Vitoria, Carretera Pozuelo a Majadahonda, Km 1.800, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain;6. Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IdiSSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Calle Prof. Martín Lagos s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain;7. Department of Pediatrics, Department of Public Health, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IdiSSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Calle Prof. Martín Lagos s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain |
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| Abstract: | A novel microreactor for TiO2-assisted photocatalysis in a microfluidic electrochemical cell was designed and constructed by a technology that can be reproduced in any chemical laboratory. The cell is obtained by a two-step thermal transfer of laser printed masks onto gold CD-Rs, a subtractive one to define the electrodes, and an additive one to define the channels. The TiO2 nanoparticles are physically embedded in a gold matrix by electrodeposition from a solution of ions of this metal also containing colloidal suspension of anatase. This modification is conducted in the assembled microfluidic cell, with minimum material and time consumption. A 100 mW UV-LED (365 nm) is focused on the modified electrode and irradiation of the sample in the thin layer microreactor is conducted under stopped flow condition. The Cu–EDTA complex served as model system to demonstrate the in situ photocatalytic digestion of organic matter followed by the voltammetric determination of the metal ion in aqueous solution. The voltammetric wave of 1.0 × 10?3 mol L?1 Cu(II) in acetate buffer (pH 4.7) at the gold electrode is suppressed by EDTA in the ?0.3 to 0.8 vs. Ag/AgCl region. Irradiation of the bare electrode at 365 nm does not recover the wave, while irradiation of the TiO2-modified gold electrode causes the recovery of the copper wave, proving the photocatalytic destruction of the chelating agent. Diffusion transport to/from the modified electrode rapidly enrolls the whole volume of sample in the thin-layer above the electrode (about 19 nL), so that in less than four minutes the recorded voltammogram become indistinguishable from that of a copper ion solution without EDTA. This novel in situ sample pre-treatment approach is very promising, deserving further research aiming its integration in micro-TAS. |
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