超级铝热剂Al/CuO前驱体的制备、表征、热分解机理及非等温分解反应动力学

以硝酸铜、无水乙醇、1,2-环氧丙烷和纳米铝粉为原料, 在超声振荡条件下, 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米复合含能材料——超级铝热剂Al/CuO的前驱体. 利用热重-差示扫描量热-傅里叶变换红外-质谱(TG- DSC-FTIR-MS)联用技术, 研究了纳米Al/CuO溶胶-凝胶前驱体的热行为和分解过程及机理. 利用不同升温速率下的TG-DTG分析, 研究了纳米超级铝热剂Al/CuO的溶胶-凝胶前驱体的热分解反应机理, 采用了6种动力学分析方法进行动力学参数计算, 得到前驱体分解反应的表观活化能、反应级数、频率因子等动力学参数, 纳米Al/CuO前驱体分解反应的动力学方程为: dα/dt=10^14.0×4α^3/4exp(-2.0×10⁴/T).

Preparation, Characterization, Decomposition Mechanism and Non-Isothermal Decomposition Reaction Kinetics of the Super Thermite Al/CuO Precursor

The super thermite Al/CuO precursor was prepared using Cu(NO3)2·3H2O,C2H5OH,1,2-epoxy propane and nano-Al as raw materials under ultrasonic conditions by the sol-gel method.Our results show that the precursor components are Al and Cu2(OH)3NO3.The thermal behavior and thermal decomposition mechanism of the nano super thermite Al/CuO precursor were investigated by thermogravimetric-differential scanning colorimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectrum-mass spectrometry analysis(TG-DSC-FTIR-MS).The decomposition reaction kinetics of the precursor was investigated by TG-DTG analysis at different heating rates and the kinetic parameters were calculated using six kinetic analytical methods.The activation energy,reaction order,frequency factor and other kinetic parameters were obtained and the kinetic equation of the decomposition process could be expressed as:dα/dt=1014.0×4α3/4×exp(-2.0×104/T).