Gemini表面活性剂分子结构对其水溶液中聚集行为的影响

Gemini表面活性剂是通过联接基团将两个具有亲水亲油性质的两亲结构单元在其亲水头基上或靠近亲水头基处以共价键方式连接而成的一类表面活性剂。这类表面活性剂由于联接基团的引入具有比传统单链表面活性剂更高的表面活性,同时分子结构中更多的可调控因素使其在水溶液中表现出更为丰富的自聚集行为,而且分子不同部位结构的改变对分子内或分子间相互作用产生不同的影响,可实现通过分子结构的设计有效调控其自聚集能力和聚集体结构。本综述将从联接基团、烷基链、亲水头基、反离子和其它功能性基团这五个方面概述近些年Gemini表面活性剂水溶液中聚集行为方面的研究进展,总结人们对Gemini表面活性剂分子间相互作用规律的认识,期望对于进一步发展这类高效的表面活性剂体系提供有益的帮助。

Effects of Molecular Structures on Aggregation Behavior of Gemini Surfactants in Aqueous Solutions

Gemini surfactants consist of two amphiphilic moieties covalently connected by a spacer at the level of the head groups.Compared with the corresponding monomeric surfactants, gemini surfactants exhibit higher surface activity, possess unique structural variations, display special aggregate transitions, and form variable aggregate structures.Their aggregation ability and aggregate structures can be effectively adjusted by varying their molecular structures, which results in different intra-or intermolecular interactions.This short review is focused on the behavior of gemini surfactants in aqueous solutions reported in recent years, and summarizes the effects of different molecular structures, including spacers, hydrophobic chains, hydrophilic headgroups, counterions, and functional groups.The mechanisms and trends of the interactions in gemini surfactants are also presented.