铜纳米线的液相制备及其表面修饰研究进展

在现代纳米科学技术领域中，铜纳米线由于具有独特的光学、电学、力学和热学性质而成为制备透明柔性导电电极的优良材料。铜价格低廉，自然存储量较大，是实际应用中替代贵金属的理想材料。然而，将铜离子还原为单质铜比较困难，且单质铜非常容易被氧化，这成为应用中亟需解决的关键问题。如何制备单分散、稳定且具有抗氧化性的铜纳米线也成为该领域的研究热点。在各种制备铜纳米线的方法中，液相还原法不仅可以解决以上问题，且该方法具有制备条件限制少、成本低、简单易行等优点而被广泛应用于铜纳米线的大量合成。本文从铜纳米线的研究背景和研究价值入手，首先综述了不同（光滑或粗糙、单晶或孪晶）铜纳米线的液相制备方法及其生长机制。讨论了铜纳米线的氧化及其抗氧化表面包覆问题。最后对铜纳米线的研究意义和应用前景做出展望。

Research Progress on the Liquid-Phase Preparation and Surface Modification of Copper Nanowires

Copper nanowires are excellent materials for transparent and flexible conducting electrodes in modern nanoscience and nanotechnology because of their unique optical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. With the distinguishing features of relatively low price and natural abundance, copper is an ideal candidate to substitute for noble metals in technical applications. However, the main hindrances to their practical application are the susceptibility of Cu nanowires to oxidation upon exposure to air or water and the difficulty in reducing Cu ions to metallic Cu. The synthesis of copper nanowires with high monodispersity, stability, and oxidation resistance has become a major research goal. Among the wide variety of methods available to generate copper nanowires, liquid-phase reduction has been widely adopted for the advantages of high yield, simple and straightforward operation, relatively low cost, and fewer constraints on reaction conditions, in addition to solving the above problems. This review begins with an introduction to the research background and significance of copper nanowires. First, we present a brief overview of the research advances, including the synthesis and growth mechanisms, of smooth or rough, single-crystal or twinned copper nanowires. Oxidation and surface modification for oxygen-resistance are then discussed, followed by a brief summary and outlook for research in the field.