纳米纤维聚苯胺在电化学电容器中的应用

采用脉冲电流方法（PGM）合成了具有纳米纤维结构的导电聚苯胺（PANI）.扫描电子显微镜对膜层观察表明, PANI膜是由直径约为100 nm的掺杂态聚苯胺纤维交织而成.以纳米纤维状聚苯胺组成电化学电容器,研究了其电化学电容性能,并与恒电流方法（GM） 制备的颗粒状PANI电容器性能进行了比较.结果表明,在相同的沉积电量下,PGM制备的纳米纤维状PANI电化学电容器比颗粒状PANI电化学电容器具有更大的电容容量,其电化学电容器的比电容可高达699 F•g－1,能量密度为54.6 Wh•kg－1.并且该电化学电容器具有良好的充放电性能和循环寿命.

The Application of Nano-fibrous Polyaniline in Electrochemical Capacitor

Nano-fibrous polyaniline (PANI) film was synthesized by pulse galvanostatic method (PGM) and the electrodes of the nano-fibrous PANI film were used to construct electrochemical capacitor in this paper. The scanning electron microscopy result shows that the nano-fibrous PANI has a diameter of about 100 nm and a length of several micrometers. The PANI electrochemical capacitor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge and ac impedance in NaClO4＋HClO4 mixed electrolyte. The results show that, the supercapacitor constructed by nano-fibrous PANI contains larger capacitance than capacitors constructed by granular PANI, which is prepared by galvanostatic method (GM) with the same deposited charge as PGM. From charge/discharge studies of nano-fibrous polyaniline capacitor, a specific capacitance of 699 F•g－1 and a specific energy density of 54.6 Wh•kg－1 have been obtained at discharge current density of 3.5 mA•cm－2. The PANI supercapacitor also shows little degradation of capacitance after long cycles. All results suggest that the nano-fibrous PANI is a prospect material for supercapacitor.