光催化CO2转化为碳氢燃料体系的综述

传统化石能源燃烧产生CO₂引起的地球变暖和能源短缺已经成为一个严重的全球性问题. 利用太阳光和光催化材料将CO₂还原为碳氢燃料, 不仅可以减少空气中CO₂浓度, 降低温室效应的影响, 还可以提供碳氢燃料, 缓解能源短缺问题, 因此日益受到各国科学家的高度关注. 本文综述了光催化还原CO₂为碳氢燃料的研究进展, 介绍了光催化还原CO₂的反应机理, 并对现阶段报道的光催化还原CO₂材料体系进行了整理和分类, 包括TiO₂光催化材料, ABO₃型钙钛矿光催化材料, 尖晶石型光催化材料, 掺杂型光催化材料, 复合光催化材料, V、W、Ge、Ga基光催化材料及石墨烯基光催化材料. 评述了各种材料体系的特点及光催化性能的一些影响因素. 最后对光催化还原CO₂的研究前景进行了展望.

Review of Systems for Photocatalytic Conversion of CO2 to Hydrocarbon Fuels

Increasing global warming and energy shortage caused by traditional fossil energy combustion to carbon dioxide (CO₂) has become a significant global issue in view of humans'' continuing development. The photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ produced from hydrocarbon fuels using solar light and semiconductor photocatalytic materials could not only decrease the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and thus reduce the greenhouse warming effect, but also provide hydrocarbon fuels to partially alleviate the energy shortage crisis. Hence, the photocatalysis technique has attracted considerable attention in industry and academic areas. In this paper, the fundamental principles of heterogeneous photocatalysis and the recent progress in the photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to hydrocarbon fuels are introduced and reviewed. Based on previous reports in the field of photocatalysis research, the main types of semiconductors capable of photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide can be summarized as follows: pure TiO₂ photocatalysts, ABO₃ perovskite-structured photocatalysts, spinel-structured photocatalysts, doped oxide photocatalysts, composite semiconductor photocatalysts, V-, W-, Ge-, Ga-based photocatalysts, and graphene-based photocatalysts. In addition, the characteristics of various photocatalytic materials and some factors affecting photocatalytic activities are reviewed and analyzed. Finally, the prospects and challenges for developing new photocatalysts for CO₂ reduction are presented.