从纸上到躬行:基于有机化学理论和文献的实验设计及优化之低年级本科教学初探

国际公认化学类本科生的培养目标是能够胜任化学专业技术职务,或具备相关的科研能力,而核心考核因素之一被认为是能否以纸上所学理论和文献助力实验方案的设计,并躬行实现。我们在有机化学基础实验教学中融合以上理念,初步探索出适合低年级本科生的以理论知识和文献指导实验设计和优化的教学策略。以乙酰二茂铁的合成为例,以问题-讨论为主线,引导学生从文献、底物的电子结构、傅-克酰基化反应机理和重要的物理化学性质等进行综合分析,设计乙酰二茂铁的合成路线,鼓励学生对教材提出质疑并自主设计和开展验证实验,对教材中的经典方法持续优化。学生深度参与实验路线设计和关键参数设置,沉浸学术研究氛围,敢于质疑并验证,提升了将已学理论转化为解决实际问题的能力,一定程度上有利于其科学思维和科研执行力的培养,提高其从事化学专业技术职务或相关科研工作的核心竞争力。

More Than an Armchair Strategist:A Case Study on Teaching Second-Year Undergraduates How to Connect Fundamental Principles and the Literatures to Experimental Design and Optimization in Organic Chemistry Laboratory Courses

Chemistry degrees should provide effective preparation and education for scientific professionals.Specifically,this accreditation highlights the importance of experimental planning and design skills.We embedded such activities in the organic chemistry laboratory course and developed an effective approach specifically for second-year undergraduates.Herein,we present a workshop utilizing the synthesis of acetylferrocene,aiming to teach students how to apply fundamental principles and literatures to plan and design a series of experiments.In this workshop,we used student-centered,guided,and inquiry-based research projects.Students were required to address a series of research questions or problems on the design and synthesis of acetylferrocene using both fundamental principles and literatures.Skepticism was highly valued and students were encouraged to design and perform control experiments to test their hypotheses,contradictory to those in the textbook.This activity is expected to provide a creative platform for second-year undergraduates to develop enhanced skills necessary to become successful scientific professionals.