离子液体功能化金属/共价-有机框架材料在催化反应中应用

离子液体（ILs）功能化的金属有机框架（MOFs）和共价有机框架（COFs）材料兼具离子液体和MOFs/COFs的优点,是一种极具潜力的复合催化材料。MOFs和COFs材料固定的孔结构及较大的比表面积为负载高分散催化中心提供了天然的物理空间;多孔结构促使催化剂与反应物充分接触;丰富的孔道有利于运输催化反应底物和产物,进而实现催化反应的高效进行。特别是离子液体片段的引入,可以作为催化活性中心的配体（稳定剂）或分散剂,同时能够有效改善MOFs和COFs材料孔道和活性中心周围的微环境。此外,还可以充分利用离子液体片段在适当的反应条件下转化为氮杂环卡宾配体的特点,在MOFs和COFs材料中引入氮杂环卡宾有机金属配合物。因此,我们对近几年来离子液体功能化的MOFs或COFs催化体系在CO2环加成、CO2还原、C-C偶联、羰基化以及其它有机转化反应中的研究应用进行简要综述。并对复合材料在催化领域的发展进行总结和展望。

Application of Ionic Liquid Functionalized MOFs/COFs in Catalytic Reactions

Ionic liquids (ILS) functionalized metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFS) composites are promising catalytic materials with the fascinating properties of ionic liquids and MOFs/COFs. The fixed pore structure and large specific surface area of MOFs and COFs provide a natural physical space for the highly dispersed catalytic center; the porous structure makes the catalyst fully contact with the reactants; abundant channels are conducive to the transportation of substrates and products of catalytic reaction, thus realize the efficient progress of catalytic reaction. In particular, the introduction of ILs can be used as ligands (stabilizers) or dispersants of catalytic active centers, and can effectively improve the micro environment around the pores and active centers of MOFs and COFS materials; In addition, N- heterocyclic carbene metal complexes can be introduced into MOFs and COFS materials by making full use of the characteristics that ILs which can be transformed into N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands under appropriate reaction conditions. In this paper, we briefly review the application of MOFs or COFs functionalized catalytic systems for ionic liquids in CO2 cycloaddition, CO2 reduction, C-C coupling, carbonylation reactions and other organic conversion reactions in recent years, and the development of composite materials in catalytic field is summarized and prospected.