生物检材中芬太尼类物质检测方法研究进展

就芬太尼类物质的代谢及近年来对常见生物检材中此类物质的前处理方法及检测方法进行了综述。常见的生物检材有血液、尿液、毛发,这几种检材都具有各自的检测优势和不足。毒品在血液中代谢速度快,代谢产物浓度高,但对检测时效性要求较高;尿液检测前处理简单,代谢产物易检测,但存在易污染、造假的问题;毛发检测不受其他药物影响,可追溯半年内吸毒史,但前处理步骤复杂,成本偏高。生物检材前处理主要包括液液萃取法(LLE)固相萃取法(SPE)和蛋白质沉淀法,SPE更适用于液体样本的前处理,速度更快且节省溶剂,结果重现性更好;LLE的分离效果更好。常用的检测分析方法有免疫分析法、气相色谱质谱联用法(GC-MS)、液相色谱质谱联用法(LC-MS)等。免疫分析法主要用于初筛。GC-M S主要用于分析一些极性小、易挥发、热稳定性好的物质。相对来说,LC-M S灵敏度更高,适用范围更广,目前被广泛应用。提出未来可以从毒品中存在其他类物质是否影响芬太尼类物质的检测、芬太尼的药代动力学及如何通过芬太尼类物质的空间结构准确检测等几个方面进行深入研究。

Research progress in detection and analysis of fentanyl in biological samples

The metabolism of fentanyl,the pretreatment and detection methods of fentanyl in common biological samples in recent years were reviewed.In the detection of such drugs,the common materials are blood,urine,hair and saliva,which have their own advantages and disadvantages.Drugs metabolize fast in the blood and the concentration of metabolites is high,but the detection timeliness demands.The pretreatment of urine detection is simple and the metabolites are easy to detect,but there are problems of easy pollution and fraud.Hair detection is not affected by other drugs and can be traced back to the drug use history within half a year,but the pretreatment steps are complex and the cost is high.The pretreatment of biological samples mainly includes liquid-liquid extraction(LLE),solid-phase extraction(SPE)and protein precipitation.SPE is more suitable for the pretreatment of liquid samples,which requires less solvent and provides faster speed,and better reproducibility of results.LLE has better separation effect.Immunoassay,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)are commonly used for detection and analysis.Immunoassay is mainly used for preliminary screening.GC-MS is mainly used to analyze some substances with low polarity,volatile and good thermal stability.Relatively speaking,LC-MS has higher sensitivity and a wider application range,and is widely used at present.Based on the above studies,this paper proposes that in the future,in-depth studies can be conducted on whether the presence of other substances in drugs would affect the detection of fentanyl,pharmacokinetics of fentanyl and how to accurately detect by the spatial structure of fentanyl.