超临界流体沉积技术在纳米复合材料制备中的应用*

本文综述了超临界流体沉积法在纳米复合材料制备领域的进展，介绍了利用超临界流体的溶剂化特性、表面张力为零、性质随压力与温度的变化敏感等性质，制备高质量的纳米粒子、薄膜及多孔纳米材料，讨论了超临界流体沉积过程中的吸附、热力学平衡及扩散动力学等问题，总结了不同学者对该方法制备复合材料的机理研究，认为超临界流体沉积法是制备纳米复合材料的有效方法。最后，对深入开展此项研究工作需要努力的方向和解决的关键问题提出了建议。

Supercritical Fluids Deposition Techniques for the Formation of Nanocomposites

This review summarizes the progress in the preparation of nanocomposites by supercritical fluid deposition method. Possessing attracting characteristics such as zero surface tension, tunable properties with pressure and temperature, and high solvent efficiency, supercritical fluids are used to prepare high-quality nanoparticals, thin films, and nanoporous materials. The adsorption, thermodynamics and kinetics during the supercritical fluid deposition are also discussed in this review. The deposition mechanisms proposed by different authors are summarized. It is indicated that the supercritical fluid deposition is an effective method for preparing nanocomposites. Finally, some key issues to be resolved are pointed out and the prospects for future research are proposed. Contents
1 Preface
2 Experimental researches of preparing nanocomposites using SCFD method
2.1 Metallic nanoparticles deposition into the pores of the substrates
2.2 Metallic nanoparticles deposition on the outer surface of the substrates
2.3 Metallic film or particles deposition on the surface of the substrates
2.4 Preparing porous nanophase materials using NC-SCF method
3 The adsorption, thermodynamics and dynamics for SCFD processs
4 Investigation of the deposition mechanism in SCFD
5 Conclusions