乳液原子转移自由基聚合*

原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)应用于乳液聚合体系的主要挑战在于如何同时保证乳液的稳定性和聚合反应的可控性。本文主要对乳液ATRP体系中影响聚合反应可控性和乳液稳定性的各种因素、乳液ATRP的机理和乳液ATRP的应用等方面进行了综述。表面活性剂亲水亲油性及其亲水亲油基团的化学性质、催化剂/配体在油/水两相之间的分配行为、引发剂的溶解性、反应温度以及各组分的浓度是影响反应可控性和乳液稳定性的主要因素。各组分在油/水两相中的分配行为使得乳液ATRP的机理比传统乳液聚合更加复杂。乳液原子转移自由基聚合结合了活性自由基聚合和乳液聚合的优点，在理论研究和工业生产上具有很大的应用前景。

Emulsion Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

The main challenge of the application of atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP)  to emulsion polymerizationsystems is the latex stability and the controllability of the polymerization. This paper reviews a series of factors that affect the controllability of the polymerization and the stability of the latex, the mechanistic aspect and applications of the emulsion atom transfer radical polymerization. The hydrophilic-lipophilic features of surfactants and chemical nature of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties, partitioning of the catalyst/ligand complex between monomer and water, solubility of initiators, temperature, and reactant concentrations are the main aspects that affect the latex stability and the controllability of the polymerization. The emulsion atom transfer radical polymerization mechanism is complicated by the solubility and partitioning of various species in aqueous and organic phases. The emulsion atom transfer radical polymerization combines the characteristics of the living radical polymerization and emulsion polymerization, which will lead to a great perspective in theoretical researches and industrial applications. Contents
1 ATRP mechanism
2 Factors affecting the latex stability and the controllability of the polymerization
2.1 Surfactants
2.2 Catalyst/Ligand
2.3 Initiators
2.4 Temperature
3 Mechanistic understandings of emulsion atom transfer radical polymerization
4 Applications of emulsion atom transfer radical polymerization
4.1 Preparation of copolymers
4.2 Preparation of polymer particles with peculiar composition,architecture, and functionality
4.3 Preparation of hyperbranched polymers with high molecular weight
5 Summary