变换催化剂研究进展

烃类化合物的水蒸汽重整与水煤气变换反应(简称变换反应)组合是廉价制取氢气的主要方式.经过80多年的研究和实践,工业化的变换催化剂已基本定型.近年来由于燃料电池技术的飞速发展,有关变换催化剂的研究与开发又重新引起人们的兴趣与关注.本文在总结传统变换催化剂研究进展情况的基础上,重点介绍了以燃料电池应用为目的变换催化剂的研究进展.总结表明,"(贵)金属/载体" 型双功能催化剂已经成为变换催化剂的主要研究方向.(贵)金属和载体种类、制备方法和条件等对催化剂粒径分布、体相织构、表面性质和活性等都有很大影响.虽然与传统变换催化剂相比,"(贵)金属/载体" 型双功能变换催化剂体现了更优良的性能,但与燃料电池商业化应用的要求还有一定的差距.

Progress in Water-Gas-Shift Catalysts

The reforming of hydrocarbon with water vapor and the water-gas-shift r eaction (WGSR) are the traditional and economic technologies for the production of hydrogen. Three classes of WGSR catalysts, e.g. Fe 2O 3-Cr 2O 3, CuO-Zn O-Al 2O 3 an d Co-MoO 3-Al 2O 3, have been commercialized in the world after continuing efforts d uring the past 80 years. Recent years, the WGSR catalysts have drawn renewed at tention due to its appearing/applying in the fuel cell (FC) technolog y, which is a fast developing topic today. This paper reviews compr ehensively the traditional WGSR catalysts and recent progress of the WGSR cataly sts used in the FC. It is recommended that the research direction of the WGSR c atalysts for the FC should be directed to the bi-functional noble m etal/support catalysts. The types of noble metal and support, preparation proced ures and conditions affect significantly the catalyst particle size and distri bution, bulk texture, surface property and catalyst activity. This paper also po ints that the current bi-functional noble metal/support WGSR catalysts for the F C cannot meet application requirements now even though they have more advantag es than traditional WGSR catalysts used in ammonia plants.