SiO2/聚合物核壳型杂化粒子及其空心结构的制备

SiO2/聚合物核壳型杂化粒子及其空心结构以其独特的形貌在药物控制释放、催化剂载体、生物医药等领域应用前景广阔,引起了人们的广泛关注。本文着重从乳液聚合法、仿生矿化法等制备方法角度阐述了SiO2/聚合物核壳型杂化粒子及其空心结构的研究进展。乳液聚合制备SiO2/聚合物核壳型杂化粒子简单易行,一般需要预先合成SiO2纳米粒子,其合成过程通常需要一些非理想的条件,如高温高压、极端pH、昂贵或有毒的有机试剂等,而且预先合成的SiO2粒子无法与聚合物实现100%匹配,即总有纯的聚合物粒子存在。相比之下,原位仿生矿化法制备SiO2杂化粒子不仅在环境条件下可进行,而且能够精确控制其纳米尺度的形态及分级有序结构。目前对材料科学家来讲,要使人工合成SiO2/聚合物杂化粒子实现像自然生物硅那样优异的性能,仍然是很大的挑战。

Preparation of Silica/Polymer Core-Shell Hybrid Particles and Their Hollow Structures

Core-shell silica/polymer hybrid micro-or nanoparticles and their corresponding hollow structures with unique morphology are of great interest because of their potential applications in drug delivery,catalysis carrier and nano-medicine.Their novel preparation procedures are still actively being studied.In this paper the recent progresses of their preparation in terms of emulsion polymerization and in situ biomimetic mineralization have been reviewed.Emulsion polymerization is a facile approach to design the complex structures of the core-shell SiO2/polymer particles,but requires to pre-prepare silica nanoparticles under environmentally unfriendly conditions,such as Stber method.Furthermore,the pre-prepared SiO2 nanoparticles can not completely match with polymer,thus some pure polymer particles are always obtained.In contrast,in situ biomimetic mineralization occurs in water under ambient conditions,producing exquisite hierarchical structures and multiple morphologies with precise nanoscale.It is still a big challenge for materials scientists to achieve the SiO2/polymer hybrid particles with excellent performance like the natural biological silicon.