单病毒示踪

病毒是对人类健康威胁最大的病原之一,由其引发的病毒性疾病对人民健康、国家安全和社会经济构成重大威胁。病毒感染机制研究对病毒性疾病的防控及治疗具有重大意义。病毒侵染宿主细胞的动态过程涉及病毒组分与多种细胞组分或细胞器间复杂的相互作用,但是传统手段无法对该动态过程进行实时跟踪研究。单病毒示踪技术作为一种可以实时原位示踪单颗病毒侵染过程的技术,在病毒感染机制研究方面起着愈来愈重要的作用。借助于该技术,能够获取病毒侵染过程中病毒入胞途径、胞内转运过程、病毒核酸释放及其与细胞间的相互作用等动态过程信息,从而对病毒的感染机制进行分子水平的深入研究。本文就单病毒示踪技术所涉及的测量技术、标记技术和信息获取进行阐述,总结归纳了单病毒示踪在病毒感染机制研究中的最新进展,并探讨了该技术目前存在的挑战性问题以及未来发展的方向。

Single-Virus Tracking

Viruses are one of the biggest threats to human health, and the outbreak of viral diseases not only poses a great threat to human health and national security, but also causes great losses to the social economy. Uncovering the mechanisms of virus infection is crucial for preventing the spread of viruses and treating viral diseases. The dynamic process of virus infection in host cells involves intricate interactions between viral components and cellular structures or organelles, but conventional methods lack the ability to acquire dynamic information on individual viruses during the infection process. Single-virus tracking(SVT) technique is a powerful approach for studying the real-time and in-situ dynamics of viral processes in live cells and it plays an increasingly important role in the study of viral infection mechanism. SVT allows researchers to obtain the dynamic information on individual viruses during the infection process, including viral entry, trafficking, and genome release, which is meaningful to study the infection mechanisms on the molecular level. In this article, we first discuss the measurement techniques, viral labeling strategies and data analysis methods for SVT, then summarize a couple of applications of SVT and finally propose the challenges and future possibilities of the SVT technique.