有机大分子导向无机纳米粒子的分级有序自组装*

本文主要综述了基于特定分子设计的有机大分子导向下的无机纳米粒子的分级有序自组装.可以有效导向无机纳米粒子组织的有机大分子主要包括合成大分子和生物大分子,前者如具有氢键识别功能的大分子、聚电解质、嵌段大分子、树枝状大分子;后者如DNA、糖类以及蛋白质.所涉及的无机纳米粒子通常需要通过单层修饰使之与特定的大分子具有识别功能,或者设计表面带有正或负电荷使之与带有负或正电荷的大分子相互识别.该领域的研究在先进功能材料及仿生材料方面具有重要意义.

Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Inorganic Nanoparticles Mediated by Organic Macromolecules

The hierarchical self-assembly of inorganic nanoparticles mediated by the tailed organic macromolecules has been reviewed. The organic macromolecules used for the mediators include the synthetic polymers and the biopolymers. Up to now, the polymers with hydrogen-bond recognition functionality, polyelectrolytes, block copolymers and dendrimers have been developed as synthetic polymers for the assembly of the inorganic nanoparticles. At the same time, DNA, amylose and proteins also present the impressive ability for the ordered aggregation of inorganic nanoparticles. It is necessary for the hierarchical assembly of inorganic nanoparticles to modify them to afford their surfaces tailored functionality, for example hydrogen-bond recognition groups, positive charges, negative charges, and so on, which can recognize with the organic mediators. This research field is very essential for the construction of advanced functional materials and biomimetic materials.