光敏开关及其在化学生物学中的应用

近年来随着生物医学技术的发展，人们需要越来越细致地在分子水平上研究各种生命过程。为了能够实现实时原位地观察活细胞或组织中的生命化学过程，需要使用以物理方法来选择性激活的分子探针。以共聚焦激光技术为基础的光敏开关能很好地解决这一问题。迄今，发展和用于光敏开关的光敏剂已成为化学生物学研究的重要方向。本文重点总结了各种可应用于共聚焦激光系统的单、双光子光敏基团（单光子的光敏基团主要有：硝基苯类、香豆素类等；双光子光敏基团主要有：香豆素类、喹啉类及吲哚衍生物类）以及这几类光敏基团在化学生物学中的应用。

Photolysis of Caged Compounds and Its Applications to Chemical Biology

The recent development in biomedicine demands more accurate understanding of biological processes at the molecular level. In order to observe the chemical processes of living cells or tissues in a real-time fashion with high space resolution, it is necessary to develop methods to selectively activate molecular probes. Confocal laser technology provides a very efficient method for activation of the molecular probes without any injury to tissues. Based on this technology, a series of photon switch which have biological applications have been realized. By now, the development of caging groups for photon switch has become an interesting research area. In this paper, we summarize the popular one-photon and two-photon photo-removable groups including nitrobenzene, coumarin, quinolines, indole derivatives, etc. The mechanism of these caging groups using as photon switch is surveyed. The application and the prospects of these groups in chemical biology are also discussed.