燃料电池技术在电催化反应领域的应用

燃料电池反应器是一种既能生产有价值化学品,又能同时发电的新型单元操作装置.由于其安全、反应易受控制、无污染,且能源资源利用率高的特点,日益受到各国工业部门的重视.本文评述了几类燃料电池反应器如酸性燃料电池、质子交换膜燃料电池和固体氧化物燃料电池的用途、工作原理及其实现工业化所面临的几个主要问题。

Applications of Fuel Cell Reactor in Electrocatalyze Reactions

In order to produce valuable chemicals and electric energy at the same time, fuel cell type reactor (FCR) has been proposed. The features of the FCR are: (1) the energy of oxidation which is converted into potential energy between cathode and anode can be directly used as the electric power, therefore, it theoretically has high electrical efficiencies; (2) reaction mixture were not directly mixed, so the safety is improved and gaseous combustion reaction is avoided; (3) the activity of surface oxidant species on anode catalyst is controlled by applying external potential to the electrode catalysts so that partial oxidation reactions can be enhanced by many orders of magnitude. FCR is widely used in a variety of catalytic reactions on Pt, Pd, Ag, Ni, Au, IrO 2 and RuO 2 surfaces. In this paper, the principle of operation of three kinds of FCR, including sour fuel cell reactor, proton-exchange membrane fuel cell reactor, solid-oxide fuel cell reactor, is depicted, and a comparison between FCR and other conventional chemical reactors is made. Furthermore, the major problems which will be encountered in the industrialization of FCR are also discussed.