Statistical Optimization of Flavonoid and Antioxidant Recovery from Macerated Chinese and Malaysian Lotus Root (Nelumbo nucifera) Using Response Surface Methodology |
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| Authors: | Sze-Jack Tan Chee-Keong Lee Chee-Yuen Gan Olusegun Abayomi Olalere |
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| Institution: | 1.Main Campus, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Jalan Genting Klang, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia;2.Bioprocess Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia;3.Analytical Biochemistry Research Center (ABrC), sains@usm Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, University Innovation Incubator Building, Lebuh Bukit Jambul, Bayan Lepas 11900, Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | In this study, the combination of parameters required for optimal extraction of anti-oxidative components from the Chinese lotus (CLR) and Malaysian lotus (MLR) roots were carefully investigated. Box–Behnken design was employed to optimize the pH (X1: 2–3), extraction time (X2: 0.5–1.5 h) and solvent-to-sample ratio (X3: 20–40 mL/g) to obtain a high flavonoid yield with high % DPPHsc free radical scavenging and Ferric-reducing power assay (FRAP). The analysis of variance clearly showed the significant contribution of quadratic model for all responses. The optimal conditions for both Chinese lotus (CLR) and Malaysian lotus (MLR) roots were obtained as: CLR: X1 = 2.5; X2 = 0.5 h; X3 = 40 mL/g; MLR: X1 = 2.4; X2 = 0.5 h; X3 = 40 mL/g. These optimum conditions gave (a) Total flavonoid content (TFC) of 0.599 mg PCE/g sample and 0.549 mg PCE/g sample, respectively; (b) % DPPHsc of 48.36% and 29.11%, respectively; (c) FRAP value of 2.07 mM FeSO4 and 1.89 mM FeSO4, respectively. A close agreement between predicted and experimental values was found. The result obtained succinctly revealed that the Chinese lotus exhibited higher antioxidant and total flavonoid content when compared with the Malaysia lotus root at optimum extraction condition. |
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| Keywords: | antioxidant flavonoid lotus root Nelumbo nucifera optimization |
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