Exfoliated nanoplatelets of an Aurivillius phase, Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12: Characterisation by X-ray diffraction and by high-resolution electron microscopy |
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Authors: | Virginie Chevallier Geneviève Nihoul |
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Institution: | Laboratoire Matériaux et Microélectronique de Provence, CNRS UMR 6137, Université du Sud Toulon Var, BP 20132, 83957 La Garde Cedex, France |
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Abstract: | Nanoparticles of the Aurivillius phase La-substituted BTO (Bi4−xLaxTi3O12, with x=0.75) were obtained through a chemical lithiation process. They have been characterised by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (diffraction and imaging at high resolution). The defect-free particles are platelet-shaped with the c large axis perpendicular to the plane. From high-resolution images, it is clear that the delamination process occurs at the level of the (Bi2O2)2+ intermediate layer and is destructive for this layer. The smallest thickness measured corresponds to one cell parameter (3.3 nm) but a large range of thicknesses have been observed: this suggests that the lithium insertion does not take place in all (Bi2O2)2+ layers, despite a large excess of lithium and a long reaction time. This is confirmed by ICP analysis, which leads to a formula Li0.99Bi3.25La0.77Ti3.00O12 for the lithiated compound. This behaviour towards lithium intercalation differs from those observed with BTO in literature, where lithium insertion is reported as occurring in every (Bi2O2)2+ layer. Possible explanations for this difference are advanced based on microstructural and structural considerations. |
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Keywords: | Aurivillius phases Bi3 25La0 75Ti3O12 Layered perovskites Lithium intercalation n-Butyllithium Exfoliation |
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