Design and Synthesis of Imidazole and Triazole Pyrazoles as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis CYP121A1 Inhibitors |
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| Authors: | Dr Safaa M Kishk Dr Kirsty J McLean Dr Sakshi Sood Darren Smith Jack WD Evans Prof Mohamed A Helal Prof Mohamed S Gomaa Prof Ismail Salama Prof Samia M Mostafa Dr Luiz Pedro S de Carvalho Colin W Levy Prof Andrew W Munro Dr Claire Simons |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB U.K.;2. Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN U.K.;3. Mycobacterial Metabolism and Antibiotic Research Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT U.K.;4. Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt |
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| Abstract: | The emergence of untreatable drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major public health problem worldwide, and the identification of new efficient treatments is urgently needed. Mycobacterium tuberculosis cytochrome P450 CYP121A1 is a promising drug target for the treatment of tuberculosis owing to its essential role in mycobacterial growth. Using a rational approach, which includes molecular modelling studies, three series of azole pyrazole derivatives were designed through two synthetic pathways. The synthesized compounds were biologically evaluated for their inhibitory activity towards M. tuberculosis and their protein binding affinity (KD). Series 3 biarylpyrazole imidazole derivatives were the most effective with the isobutyl ( 10 f ) and tert-butyl ( 10 g ) compounds displaying optimal activity (MIC 1.562 μg/mL, KD 0.22 μM ( 10 f ) and 4.81 μM ( 10 g )). The spectroscopic data showed that all the synthesised compounds produced a type II red shift of the heme Soret band indicating either direct binding to heme iron or (where less extensive Soret shifts are observed) putative indirect binding via an interstitial water molecule. Evaluation of biological and physicochemical properties identified the following as requirements for activity: LogP >4, H-bond acceptors/H-bond donors 4/0, number of rotatable bonds 5–6, molecular volume >340 Å3, topological polar surface area <40 Å2. |
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| Keywords: | mycobacterium tuberculosis Imidazole derivatives Binding affinity molecular modelling X-ray crystallography |
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