红树林湿地土壤矿物的分析

以湛江湾南海堤典型红树林湿地土壤为研究对象,采用X射线衍射(XRD)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)快速批量鉴定土壤中矿物成分,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察土壤颗粒形貌特征并获得化学成分组成信息;同时采集附近光滩土壤样品进行对比研究,以揭示红树林湿地土壤特殊的生态环境特征。结果表明,红树林湿地土壤矿物主要由高岭石、石英、白云母、埃洛石、地开石和蛇纹石等组成;与光滩土壤相比,红树林湿地土壤矿物类型多样,而光滩土壤矿物相对单一,主要为石英和高岭石;红树林湿地土壤颗粒以片状聚合体为主,主要元素组成为C、O、S、Al、Si、Mg、Fe等,常见含有Cu、Zn、Mo等重金属元素。同时发现红树林湿地土壤颗粒含有较丰富的硫化物;而光滩土壤未发现上述特征,表明红树林湿地处于一个特殊的生态环境,土壤沉积物中富含有机质、Fe、S等,比一般潮滩更易于富集硫化物或重金属。

Application of Mineral Analysis in Mangrove Wetland Soils

In this study,the typical mangrove wetland soils from the Nanhaidi of Zhanjiang Bay were investigated to discuss the special habitat characteristics of mangrove wetland soil.The minerals in the soils were identified by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) and X ray diffraction(XRD),and the morphological characteristics of soil particles were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) to obtain the chemical components.The soil samples from nearby mudflats were also collected for comparative study.Results showed that the mineral components in mangrove wetlands soils were mainly composed of kaolinite,quartz,muscovite,halloysite,diamond and serpentine,more diverse than those in mudflats soils which simply contained quartz and kaolinite.The morphologies of soil particles in mangrove wetland emerged in schistose aggregates,and the main elements were C,O,S,Al,Si,Mg and Fe,etc.Heavy metal elements such as Cu,Zn,Mo were commonly found in the soil particles of mangrove wetland.The mangrove wetland soil was also abundant in sulfide.However,the above characteristics were not found in the mudflats soil,which indicated that the mangrove wetland was in a special ecological environment,and its soil sediment was rich in organic matter,Fe and S,etc.Thus,it was more favorable for the enrichment of sulfides or heavy metals than mudflats.