Synthesis and the effect of alkyl chain length on optoelectronic properties of diarylethene derivatives

Photochromic symmetrical diarylethene derivatives 1a-6a bearing different long alkyl chains at 2-position of thiophene rings have been synthesized and their structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The effect of alkyl chain length on their optoelectronic properties, such as photochromism in solution as well as in the crystalline phase and electrochemical performance was investigated in detail. These diarylethenes have showed good photochromic behavior both in solution and in the single crystalline phase. Introduction of the long alkyl chains at 2-position of bis(5-formyl-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene increased the absorption coefficients of both open- and closed-ring isomers and induced bathochromic shifts of the maximal wavelength absorption of the closed-ring isomers. The long alkyl chains can also decrease the cyclization/cycloreversion quantum yields and the oxidation potentials. The cyclic voltammetry indicated that the band gap of these diarylethene derivatives was significantly affected by the alkyl chain length.