Assessment of the acute toxicity of triclosan and methyl triclosan in wastewater based on the bioluminescence inhibition of Vibrio fischeri |
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Authors: | Marinella Farré Daniela Asperger Lina Kantiani Susana González Mira Petrovic Damià Barceló |
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Institution: | Department of Environmental Chemistry, IQAB-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain. |
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Abstract: | In this work, the contributions of triclosan and its metabolite methyl triclosan to the overall acute toxicity of wastewater
were studied using Vibrio fischeri. The protocol used in this paper involved various steps. First, the aquatic toxicities of triclosan and methyl triclosan
were determined for standard substances, and the 50% effective concentrations (EC50) were determined for these compounds. Second, the toxic responses to different mixtures of triclosan, methyl triclosan, and
surfactants were studied in different water matrices, i.e., Milli-Q water, groundwater and wastewater, in order to evaluate
(i) the antagonistic or synergistic effects, and (ii) the influence of the water matrices. Finally, chemical analysis was
used in conjunction with the toxicity results in order to assess the aquatic toxicities of triclosan and its derivative in
wastewaters. In this study, the toxicities of 45 real samples corresponding to the influents and effluents from eight wastewater
treatment works (WWTW) were analyzed. Thirty-one samples were from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) equipped with two pilot-scale
membrane bioreactors (MBR), and the influent and the effluent samples after various treatments were characterized via different
chromatographic approaches, including solid-phase extraction (SPE), liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry
(LC–MS/MS), and SPE coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The toxicity was determined by measuring the
bioluminescence inhibition of Vibrio fischeri. In order to complete the study and to extrapolate the results to different WWTPs, the toxicity to V. fischeri of samples from seven more plants was analyzed, as were their triclosan and methyl triclosan concentrations. Good agreement
was established between the overall toxicity values and concentrations of the biocides, indicating that triclosan is one of
the major toxic organic pollutants currently found in domestic wastewaters. |
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Keywords: | Triclosan Methyl triclosan Surfactants Toxicity Vibrio fischeri Bioluminescence Wastewater |
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