Recent advances in the assessment of the antioxidant capacity of pharmaceutical drugs: from in vitro to in vivo evidence |
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Authors: | Giangiacomo Beretta Roberto Maffei Facino |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences “Pietro Pratesi”, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy |
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Abstract: | In this review, some well-established assays and more recent markers developed for the understanding of the biological activity
of pharmaceutical drugs belonging to different pharmacological classes (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cardiovascular
drugs, and central-nervous-system-acting drugs) are considered. The results of in vitro studies are reviewed and critically
compared with those available from clinical trials, and their relevance for the elucidation of the mechanism of action of
the drugs is discussed. Although from this examination a positive correlation between the in vitro and in vivo data seems
to emerge, the small number of clinical trials available, their low number of patients enrolled, and sometimes the arbitrary
or inappropriate choice of the biomarker(s) used highlight the need for (1) more standardized protocols to allow a reliable
comparison of the results from different studies and (2) the development of new and more appropriate and specific biomarkers
for the evaluation of oxidative stress before and after drug intervention. |
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Keywords: | |
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