Phytochemical analysis of young fustic (Cotinus coggygria heartwood) and identification of isolated colourants in historical textiles |
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Authors: | Lemonia Valianou Konstantina Stathopoulou Ioannis Karapanagiotis Prokopios Magiatis Eleni Pavlidou Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis and Yannis Chryssoulakis |
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Institution: | (1) National Technical University of Athens, School of Chemical Engineering, 15773 Athens, Greece;(2) Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece;(3) Ormylia Art Diagnosis Centre, 63071 Chalkidiki, Greece;(4) Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece |
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Abstract: | Young fustic (Cotinus coggygria Scop.; Anacardiaceae) has been used as a dyestuff since antiquity. Phytochemical investigation of the methanol extract of
the heartwood has led to the isolation and structure elucidation by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry (MS)
of 3′,4′,6-trihydroxyaurone (sulfuretin) and 3′,4′,7-trihydroxyflavonol (fisetin) as well as 3′,4′,7-trihydroxyflavanol (fustin),
3′,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavonol (quercetin), 3′,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavanol (taxifolin), 4′,7-dihydroxyflavanol, 3′,4′,7-trihydroxyflavanone
(butin), 4′,7-dihydroxyflavanone (liquiritigenin), trans-2′,3,4,4′-tetrahydroxychalcone (butein), 4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone and trans-2′,4,4′-trihydroxychalcone (isoliquiritigenin). The isolated compounds were used as reference materials for the development
of a high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector–MS method, which was then applied to analyse (1) fresh silk
samples dyed with young fustic, (2) dyed silk subjected to artificially accelerated light ageing and (3) historical silk micro-samples,
extracted from ecclesiastical post-Byzantine garments (fifteenth to eighteenth century), which belong to monasteries of Mount
Athos. Sulfuretin and fisetin, which are usually used as markers for the identification of the yellow dye and, for the first
time, some of the aforementioned flavonoid components of young fustic were identified in the historical extracts. Furthermore,
preliminary experiments suggested that although the amounts of the dye components decrease with light ageing, the relative
ratio of fisetin and sulfuretin, after a first step of ageing, seems to be almost unaffected by such degradation processes
raised by light. The effect of the latter on the morphology of the dyed silk fibres is briefly investigated by scanning electron
microscopy. |
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Keywords: | HPLC Natural products NMR/ESR Archeometry/fine arts |
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