大米中多种残留农药的固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱分析

建立了一种同时测定大米中有机氯、有机磷、氨基甲酸酯和拟除虫菊酯等4类农药残留量的分析方法。通过比较二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、乙腈、乙酸乙酯和不同比例的己烷-丙酮混合溶剂等8种溶剂的提取效果,选择以二氯甲烷为提取溶剂;以Florisil固相萃取小柱净化,通过以不同比例的己烷-丙酮作洗脱溶剂,发现体积比为4∶1的己烷-丙酮的洗脱效果最佳,在选定的洗脱条件下,样品的净化效果良好;用气相色谱-质谱测定,以保留时间、选择离子及其相对丰度定性,以外标法定量。以低限加标样品的3倍信噪比确定方法的检出限(LODs),以两个添加水平测定样品的回收率和相对标准偏差(RSD)。该方法的检出限达到μg/kg水平；除敌敌畏、乐果、pp′-DDT等几种农药外,大多数农药的加标回收率在75%和120%之间,RSD均低于10.4%,r≥0.992。该方法简便、快速、灵敏,能够满足同时测定大米中多种类残留农药的要求,可以作为大米中农药多残留的例行分析和确证分析的方法。

Analysis of Pesticide Multiresidues in Rice by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Solid Phase Extraction

A new analytical method was developed to simultaneously determine multiple pesticide residues in rice including organophosphorus, organochlorine, carbamate and pyrethroid. First, the solvents for pesticide extraction were selected for optimization. Eight solvents were screened to find that the extraction efficiency with dichloromethane was the best. Second, clean-up was performed by solid phase extraction using a Florisil cartridge. Various mixtures of hexane and acetone were tested to show that the mixture of hexane-acetone (4:1, v/v) had the best performance. The clean-up helped the sample purification significantly. The prepared sample was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The pesticides were identified with retention time and selected ions and their relative abundances, and they were quantified based on extract of spiking standards in a blank sample. The limits of detection (LODs) were evaluated on the values of the lower concentration fortified sample under the signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1. The recoveries and relative standard deviations (RSDs) were checked by adding pesticide standard solution at two levels to untreated samples, and the triplicate analysis of the samples were carried out for each spiked level. The LODs were at microg/kg level. The average recoveries of most pesticides were from 75% to 120 %. The RSDs were less than 10.4% (n = 3). These results indicated that this method is simple, rapid, sensitive for the simultaneous determination requirements of multiple pesticide residues in rice.