金属有机骨架及其复合材料在分离领域中的应用进展

金属有机骨架(MOFs)是一类由无机金属离子与有机配体自组装形成的新型有机-无机杂化多孔材料,因具有比表面积超高、结构多样、热稳定性良好、孔道尺寸和性质可调等优势,在分离领域表现出重要的应用价值。然而,采用传统方法制备的MOFs多为粒径在微米或亚微米尺度的晶体,且颗粒形貌不规则,因此限制了MOFs在样品前处理和色谱固定相等领域的应用和发展。构建基于MOFs的复合材料是弥补MOFs应用缺陷的一项有效措施,有望在保留MOFs优越的分离特性的同时,引入基体材料的特定性能。该文简要综述了近年来MOFs及其复合材料在吸附、样品前处理和色谱固定相等分离领域中的应用进展,并对MOFs在分离科学中的应用前景做出展望。

Application of metal-organic frameworks and their composites in separation

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are known to be an intriguing class of organic-inorganic hybrid porous solids, synthesized by the assembly of metal ions with organic linkers. MOFs exhibit remarkable properties, such as ultrahigh surface areas, structural diversity, excellent thermal stability, tuneable pore size and the availability of framework functionality, which make MOFs promising for the separation applications. MOFs have shown great potentials as efficient adsorbents and novel stationary phases in adsorption and separation. However, due to the submicron or micron size of most MOFs particles as well as their irregular morphology, the applications of MOFs as stationary phases for sample pretreatment and liquid chromatography were greatly limited. To overcome these obstacles, an effective strategy was applied to fabricate MOF-based composites, combining the excellent separation ability of MOFs with the specific properties of substrates. The substrate materials combining with MOFs included metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, silica, carbonaceous materials, polymers, quantum dots and so on. This review summarizes the current progress in the application of MOFs and their composites for adsorption, sample pretreatment and chromatographic separation. The main contents involve the types and preparation methods of MOF-based composites, the applications of MOFs and their composites in vapor and liquid phase adsorption, solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction, gas chromatographic separation and high performance liquid chromatographic separation. The prospects of MOFs in separation science are also discussed.