Phase transition of syndiotactic polypropylene in electrospun nanofibers during progressive heating

By means of high-temperature electrospinning process, syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) nanofibers with an average diameter of 127 nm were obtained using a rotating disc as a collector. The aligned fibers were subjected to progressive heating for fiber melting. During heating, structural evolution of the sPP nanofibers was investigated in situ by means of two-dimensional wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering with synchrotron radiation sources. It was found that the as-spun fibers consist of the antichiral form I (9 %), mesophase (31 %), and amorphous phase (60 %), in the absence of isochiral form II. Upon heating, the mesophase started to melt and completely disappeared at 90 °C. The melting of the mesophase directly produced amorphous chains at 35–60 °C, and brought up the isochiral form II at low temperatures (60–70 °C), as well as the antichiral form I at high temperatures (70–110 °C). These events were in accordance with the DSC heating curve, which exhibited a small endotherm centered at 52 °C for the mesophase melting, followed by a shallow and broad exotherm associated with two phase-transition events, i.e., the crystal reorganization and the crystallization of supercooled liquid. The former is likely due to the solid–solid transition of meso→II phase as suggested by Lotz et al. (Macromolecules 31:9253, 1998), and the latter is relevant with crystallization of amorphous chains to develop the thermodynamic stable form I phase at high temperatures.