层状溶致液晶中电沉积铂纳米线

以非离子表面活性剂四氧乙烯基正十二烷基醚与氯铂酸水溶液构建层状溶致液晶, 通过电沉积技术制备了金属铂纳米线. 分别采用偏光显微镜、小角X射线散射对液晶进行结构分析, 通过透射电镜和能量弥散X射线谱分析观测产物形貌并确定其组成. 结果表明, 相对于饱和甘汞电极, 沉积电势在0.05～0.20 V范围内, 金属铂沿表面活性剂双分子层膜生长, 反应前后液晶相的长程周期性结构无明显变化; 在0.10 V沉积电势下, 随反应时间从960 s延长至3840 s, 去除表面活性剂后沉积产物分别为层状纳米粒子、层状纳米线以及长度达十几微米且致密的纳米线. 讨论了层状液晶对沉积产物的结构导向作用.

Electrodeposition of Platinum Nanowires in Lamellar Lyotropic Liquid Crystal

Platinum nanowires were electrodeposited in a lamellar lyotropic liquid crystal, composed of nonionic surfactant tetraethylene glycol monododecyl ether and H₂PtCl₆ aqueous solution. Polarized optic microscope, and small angle X-ray scattering were applied to evaluate the structure of liquid crystal, meanwhile transmission electron microscope and energy dispersion analysis of X-ray were used to observe the morphology and analyze the composition of product. Results showed that when deposition potential lay in the range of 0.05～0.20 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE), metallic platinum grew along the surfactant bilayers, and the lyotropic phases were almost of the same long range periodicity before and after reaction. At the deposition potential of 0.10 V (vs. SCE), as reaction time extended from 960 to 3840 s, lamellar nanoparticles, layered nanowires and condensed platinum nanowires longer than 10 μm were obtained respectively after the removal of surfactant. Structure directing effect of the lamellar liquid crystal on the deposited product was discussed.