一维金纳米粒子链的制备及其光学特性研究

在没有模板存在的条件下, 只用表面活性剂为稳定剂, 制备了一维的金纳米粒子链, 详细考察了链状结构形成时各种试剂浓度、种类及其它外部条件对纳米粒子链形成的影响. 实验发现, 在HAuCl₄ 浓度1～5 mmol•L^－1、十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)浓度在2～8 mmol•L^－1 (小于其CMC)范围内, 温度由60 ℃ 0.5 h内升高到100 ℃, 并在升温时间内分次将还原剂加完, 反应完成后不老化立即冷却到室温, 可以获得一维金纳米粒子链. 采用紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)、同步光散射光谱和发射光谱等手段对金纳米粒子链的光学特性进行了研究, 用高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)研究了金纳米粒子的外观和粒径分布, 结果表明制备的金纳米粒子链是错落有致的链状结构, 结节处可以观察到金原子的排列晶格, 说明金纳米粒子的链状连接不是外部分子作用的结果; 表面等离子体共振吸收峰出现红移现象, 且随着链长的增加红移越明显; 具有非常强的光散射特性, 散射光强度比浓度相同的金纳米粒子高8倍; 发射光谱中明显观察到其三级散射, 表明其具有很好的非线性光学特性. 对金纳米粒子链的形成机理进行了探讨, 认为表面活性剂烷基亲油作用和金原子的聚集作用相互竞争是链状结构形成的原因.

Preparation and Optic Characteristics of One-dimensional Gold Nanochain

Without template one-dimensional gold nanochain was obtained in solution of surfactant. The surfactant, such as sodium dodecyl sulfonate, only played a role of protection, not a template. The length and diameter of gold nanochain were in proportion to the concentration of in the range of 1～5 mmol• L^－1, while using various techniques like TEM, UV-Vis, light-scattering spectral analysis and fluorescence emission spectral analysis, the gold nanochain was characterized. Compared with gold nanoparticles, the UV-Vis absorption peak was red-shifted and on the HRTEM image, crystal lattice of gold atoms was distinctly observed between nanoparticles in the chain. Such gold nanochain had an 8-time stronger scattering light than gold nanoparticle prepared on the same conditions, and a non-linear optic characteristic. The mechanism forming gold nanochain was discussed.