油田污水中聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)的降解机理研究

随着聚合物驱油技术在我国油田的大面积推广,含聚丙烯酰胺污水的产量在逐年增加 .聚丙烯酰胺在为油田生产提高原油采收率的同时,也大幅度增加了混合液的粘度和乳化性 ,使油水分离难度加大,造成采出水含油量严重超标.含聚丙烯酰胺污水具有粘度高、油水分离难度大、可生化性差等特点,对环境的负面影响也越来越明显.因此,亟待解决的问题便是部分水解聚丙烯酰胺的降解.本文综述了聚丙烯酰胺化学、生物降解机理,总结了降解聚丙烯酰胺的典型的微生物种群,阐述了生物方法的优势,为油田含聚丙烯酰胺污水的处理研究提供参考.

Study on the Mechanism of HPAM-Degradation in the Sewage of Oilfield

Nowadays,the quantity of sewage containing polyacrylamide increases followed by polyacrylamide widely used in polymer flooding technique of oilfield in our country.Polyacrylamide heightens the viscosity and the emulsibility of the oilfield produced fluid when it was applied to enhance the oil recovery.It increases the difficulty in oil-water separation and makes oil content in sewage exceed the standard greatly.The main features of sewage containing polyacrylamide are high viscosity,great difficulty in oil-water separation and bad biodegradability.And the bad effect on the environment becomes more and more obviously.The main problem to treat this kind of sewage is the degradation of partly hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM),which has become an important subject to be resolved necessarily.The development on the studying of the degradation mechanism of HPAM was outlined,including chemical degradation and biodegradation.The advantage of biodegradation was explained.And also,the typical strains of HPAM-biodegradation were summarized.This paper could be used for reference in polyacrylamide degradation field.