Magnetic and dielectric response of M-type barium hexaferrite

Barium hexaferrite (BaFe₁₂O₁₉) is a promising candidate for ceramics, microwave devices and numerous applications. Barium hexaferrite was synthesised via the sol-gel auto-combustion technique using glycine fuel. The X-ray diffraction technique confirmed the hexagonal structure of the particles with space group P63/mmc. The morphological analysis was performed using the field-emission scanning microscope, and the images displayed the plate-like particle formation. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to determine the average particle size of the sample, which was estimated to be 155.93 nm. The magnetic studies were taken through the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at 300 K, with which the saturation magnetization (M_s), coercivity (H_c), squareness ratio (M_r/M_s), and energy product (BH_max) was calculated, and the particles were validated to be in single domain arrangement. The dielectric properties were investigated through the LCR meter. Koop and Maxwell-Wagner's model was used to interpret charge conduction and the occurrence of relaxations in the system.