离子吸附型稀土高效提取和分离技术进展

离子吸附型稀土资源(或称风化壳淋积型稀土资源)由于中重稀土含量高而得到国内外的广泛重视。对该类资源的开采和分离加工技术以及相关的环境保护问题进行了述评和讨论,包括矿山提取技术、萃取分离技术、沉淀结晶分离技术、材料前躯体制备技术和环境水处理技术。针对矿山开采中的主要问题,提出了该类稀土实现资源与环境保护性开采的环境工程模式及其对应的技术内涵;根据稀土市场和环境保护要求,讨论了离子吸附型稀土开发过程中今后需要开展的研究工作。

Development of High Efficiency Extraction and Separation Technologies of Rare Earths from Ion-Adsorbed Type Deposit

An ion-adsorbed type rare earth deposit(ITRED),or called weathering crust leaching rare earth deposit,has been attracted great attention because it contains abundant middle-heavy rare earth elements.In this paper,we reviewed and discussed the extraction and separation technologies as well as the environmental protection issue of ITRED,including the separation technologies of mining,extraction,precipitation,crystallization and the preparation of material precursors as well as the treatment of industrial waste water.Based on the problems existing in the mining process,an environmental engineering model for realizing protected exploitation of resource and environment was proposed and the main connotation of this model was discussed thereby.According to the demands of rare earth market and environment protection,the main research works on the exploitation of ITRED in near future were discussed.