Optimization of methylene blue removal from aqueous solutions using activated carbon derived from coffee ground pyrolysis: A response surface methodology (RSM) approach for natural and cost-effective adsorption |
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Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Engineering Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco;2. Laboratory of Coordination and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco;3. Laboratory of Catalysis, Materials and Environment, Higher School of Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco;4. Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK;5. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia |
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Abstract: | This study aimed to examine the impact of operational factors on the adsorption capacity of methylene blue (MB) using a natural and cost-effective adsorbent, activated carbon from coffee grounds (CAP). The three-factor Box-Behnken design of the response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize this economically viable process with maximum efficiency. Through extensive experiments, the factors influencing the adsorption process were identified, their interactions were measured, and a mathematical model was developed. The experiment evaluated the quantity of MB adsorbed by CAP based on pH (2.5–10), initial MB concentration (10–100 mg/L), and CAP adsorbent amount (0.05–0.1 g/L). The results revealed that both concentration and mass significantly influenced the decoloration enhancement. Optimal conditions for achieving a 91 % degradation efficiency were determined as 0.05 g/L adsorbent weight, 100 mg/L dye concentration, and pH 2.5, with a desirability score of approximately 0.986, aligning closely with the predictions of the BBD model. In conclusion, this research addresses a research gap by demonstrating the high effectiveness of the CAP adsorbent in removing dyes from textiles. |
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Keywords: | Box-Behnken Response surface Experimental design Mathematical model Activated carbon |
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