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Characteristics of radiation induced light in optical fibres for portal imaging application
Authors:I Silva  G Pang
Institution:1. Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Canada M4N 3M5;2. Odette Cancer Centre, Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Canada M4N 3M5;1. Geant4 Associates International Ltd., 9 Royd Terrace, Hebden Bridge HX7 7BT, United Kingdom;2. The University of Manchester, School of Physics and Astronomy, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom;3. KEK, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan;4. CERN, 1211 Genéve 23, Switzerland;5. CIEMAT, Medical Applications Unit, Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain;6. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA;7. National Institute of Technology, Toyama College, 1-2 Ebie Neriya, Imizu, Toyama 9330293, Japan;8. INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;9. Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninskii Pr. 53, Moscow 119991, Russia;10. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA;11. IN2P3/LAL, Universite Paris-Sud, Orsay, France;12. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA;13. National Research Nuclear University (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow 115409, Russia;14. SSW Trading, Am Knick 4, Oststeinbek, Germany;15. Queen''s University Belfast, School of Mathematics and Physics, University Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT7 1NN, United Kingdom;p. CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnólogicas, Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain;q. Sante Croce e Carle Hospital, Via Coppino 26, I-12100 Cuneo, Italy;r. National Institute of Supercomputing and Networking, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, 245 Daehak-ro, Yuseonggu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;s. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via Santa Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy;t. Northeastern University, College of Computer and Information Science, 202-WVH, Boston, MA 02481, USA;u. Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Apdo. 1065, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain;v. Universite Saint Joseph, Department de Physique, Beirut, Lebanon;w. Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia;x. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba – FaMAF, Medina Allende s/n., Córdoba, Argentina;y. University of Wollongong, Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia;z. Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia;11. Hampton University, Physics Department, 100 E. Queen Street, Hampton, VA 23668, USA;12. TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, Canada BC V6T 2A3;13. ETH Zürich, IPP, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland;14. Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, 15 rue Georges, Clemenceau, 91406 Orsay Cedex, France;15. University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseonggu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea;16. CNRS-IN2P3, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France;17. Université Bordeaux, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France;18. Centre d''Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 19 Chemin du Solarium, 33175 Gradignan, France;19. Ecoanalytica, Moscow 119899, Russia;110. CEA/Saclay, Centre de Saclay, Irfu/SPhN, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;111. Helsinki Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 64, Gustaf Hällström Street 2, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland;112. National Technical University of Athens, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Street, Zografos, Athens 15780, Greece;113. Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;114. Notre Dame University, Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA;115. Ashikaga Institute of Technology, Omae 268-1, Ashikaga, Tochigi 326-8558, Japan;1p. Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657, Japan;1q. National Cancer Center, 323 Insa-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea;1r. University of Trieste, Department of Physics, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy;1s. INFN, Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy;1t. IN2P3/LAPP, 74941 Annecy-le-vieux, France;1u. CEA, Centre de Saclay, DEN/DANS/DM2S/SERMA/LTSD, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France;1v. SWHARD srl, Via greto di Cornigliano 6R, Genova, Italy;1w. University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom;1x. University of Belgrade, Vin?a Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia;1y. INFN Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16136 Genova, Italy;1z. CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France;21. C2TN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, EN10 km139.7, 2685-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal;22. IEQUALTECS, Lda, Rua Dr. Francisco Sá Carneiro, 36, 2500-065 S. Gregório CLD, Portugal;23. IBFM-CNR, Contrada Pietrapollastra, Pisciotta, 90020 Cefalu, Italy;24. European Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands;25. RHEA System BV, Jonckerweg 18, 2201DZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands;26. SOKENDAI, 1560-35, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan;27. Varian Medical Systems, 3120 Hansen Way, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA;28. The George Washington University, Department of Physics, Washington, DC 20052, USA;29. Ritsumeikan University, College of Information Science and Engineering, Noji-higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan;210. LIP-Lisboa/IST, Av. Elias Garcia, 14-1, 1000-149 Lisboa, Portugal;211. Nagoya Proton Therapy Center, 1-1-1 Hirate-cho, Kita-ku, Nagoya 462-8508, Japan;212. Ton Duc Thang University, Division of Nuclear Physics, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho Street, Tan Phong Ward, District 7, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam;213. Ton Duc Thang University, Faculty of Applied Sciences, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho Street, Tan Phong Ward, District 7, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam;214. Kallisto Consultancy Ltd., Farnborough, Hampshire GU14 9AJ, United Kingdom;215. Laboratory of Information Technologies, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia;2p. Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, 91128 Palaiseau, France;2q. Idaho State University, 921 South 8th Avenue, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA;2r. Hyogo Ion Beam Medical Center, Tatsuno, Japan;2s. Naruto University of Education, Takashima, Naruto-shi, Japan;2t. Institut de Radiophysique, Rue du Grand-Pré 1 CH-1007, Lausanne, Switzerland;1. School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor, UK;2. Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, F-69373, LYON, France;1. School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK;2. Grup d’Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Quimic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain;3. Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Kent, UK;4. Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
Abstract:The purpose of this paper is to characterize the radiation induced light in optical fibres to optimise the design of a new Cherenkov detector for portal imaging application in radiation therapy. Experiments were performed using a single optical fibre to evaluate the angle dependence, spectrum and temporal properties of the radiation induced light in the optical fibre in comparison with that of Cherenkov radiation. A theoretical model was also developed to compare with experiments. It has been found that radiation-induced light output from the optical fibre under megavoltage (MV) x-ray irradiation is significantly (about 45 times) higher than that under 100 kVp x-ray irradiation for the same dose rate at the fibre. The angular-dependence, spectrum and temporal properties of the radiation induced light in the optical fibre under MV x-ray irradiation match that of Cherenkov radiation. Different angular dependence and spectrum results from that of previous studies on radiation induced light in optical fibres have also been found. The result of the theoretical model agrees with the angle-dependence measurements.
Keywords:
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