Optimization of Direct Blue 71 sorption by organic rich-compost following multilevel multifactor experimental design |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Prince El-Hassan bin Talal Faculty for Natural Resources and Environment, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;3. CRETUS (Cross-Disciplinary Research in Environmental Technologies), Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain |
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Abstract: | Removal of a troublesome textile dye, Direct Blue 71 (DB71) from water by a food waste compost was assessed in the current study. Since compost dye sorption is a multi-factor process influenced by mass, pH, concentration, temperature, contact time, and salinity, the cumulative influence of all parameters on DB71 removal was examined following an optimal multilevel multifactor experimental design. The process had to be presented using both linear and interaction terms, according to the variables analysis: Dye sorption = –0.050Mass + 0.122Conc–0.114pH + 0.132Time – 0.074Temp + 0.056Sal + 0.103Mass × Conc + 0.226 Mass × pH – 0.257Mass × Time – 0.112Mass × Temp – 0.041Mass × Sal + 0.008Conc × pH + 0.100Conc × Time + 0.089Conc × Temp + 0.167Conc × Sal – 0.245pH × Time – 0.231pH × Temp – 0.123pH × Sal + 0.358Tim × Temp + 0.355Tim × Sal – 0.045Temp × Sal (R2 = 0.9241)Salinity and pH were positively correlated with concentration, and contact time with temperature and salinity, to get better dye uptake. The optimal conditions for dye removal were the following: solid:liquid ratio 1:375, pH 3.0, initial dye concentration 400 mg L?1, contact time 240 min, salinity 0.6 M NaCl, temperature 50 °C. At the optimum combination of factors, equilibrium sorption isotherm and sorption kinetics were studied. Kinetic analysis indicated high sorption rate 4.0 mg g?1 min?1 while 28% of maximum capacity was reached within the first 10 min of interaction. Sorption isotherm has L2-shape which reflected surface saturation at high solute concentration with low competition with solvent molecules, with a maximum sorption capacity of 95.4 mg g?1. In column experiments performed at bed depth 5.1–12.8 cm, flow rate 1.0–2.0 mL min?1 and influent concentration 10–20 mg L?1, sorption capacity was 19.6 mg g?1, which represents 21% of the maximum capacity at equilibrium conditions. IR analysis of dye-loaded-compost confirmed the contribution of hydrophobic-hydrophobic forces in the sorption process. |
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Keywords: | Compost Multilevel multifactor design Low-cost adsorbent Multi-parameter isotherm Fixed-bed adsorber Recycling |
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