环糊精衍生物在金属催化有机合成中的应用

综述了环糊精(包括α-环糊精,β-环糊精和γ-环糊精)衍生物在金属催化有机合成中的应用,主要包括其作为金属离子配体、金属纳米粒子稳定剂和反相相转移催化剂在氧化、水解、还原、偶联等金属催化反应中的应用.其中环糊精衍生物作为金属离子配体应用最广,由于环糊精部分与底物形成包结络合物,拉近了底物和具有催化活性的金属离子的距离,并固定了底物的反应部位,往往可以显著提高催化反应的反应速率,增强反应的区域选择性和对映选择性.

Application of Cyclodextrin Derivatives in Metal-Catalyzed Organic Synthesis

The application of cyclodextrin(α-cyclodextrin,β-cyclodextrin and γ-cyclodextrin) derivatives in metal-catalyzed organic synthesis has been reviewed,especially as ligands of metal ion,stabilizers of metal nanoparticles and inverse phase transfer catalysts in oxidation,hydrolysis,reduction,coupling reactions and so on.The cyclodextrin derivatives employed as ligands of metal ion are used most widely in which the formation of inclusion complexes between the cyclodextrin unit and substrate narrows the distance between the substrate and the metal ion,and fixes the reaction site of the substrate.Thus,the reaction rate can be increased obviously,and the regioselectivity and enantioselectivity can be enhanced remarkably.