基于三苯胺的荧光探针设计、合成与应用研究进展

螺旋桨结构的三苯胺荧光团既能作为强的电子供体,又能作为潜在的聚集诱导发光(AIE)骨架.同时,三苯胺衍生物很容易通过简单的反应进行结构修饰,如醛基、氨基、硼酸基、卤素、乙炔基等取代的三苯胺能够发生缩合反应或偶联反应等,进一步功能化.因此,功能性三苯胺类化合物被广泛用于太阳能电池、荧光染料、固态发光材料和荧光探针的分子设计中.根据三苯胺基荧光探针的检测对象,将其分为阳离子、阴离子和中性小分子荧光探针三类,并从分子的结构和性能出发,重点综述了近五年来国内外三苯胺基荧光探针在分子设计、合成与检测应用方面的最新进展.展望未来,构建近红外发光和高量子效率的AIE荧光探针值得关注.

Progress in Design,Synthesis and Application of Triphenylamine-Based Fluorescent Probes

The triphenylamine fluorophore with propeller-structure can be used not only as a strong electron donor, but also as a potential aggregation-induced emission(AIE) framework. At the same time, triphenylamine derivatives with different substituted groups(e.g. formyl, amino, halogen, boronic acid group, alkynyl) can easily be modified for further functionalization by simple reactions, such as condensation and metal coupling reaction. Thus, the functional triphenylamine derivatives are widely applied in the molecular design of solar cells, fluorescent dyes, solid-state luminescent materials and fluorescent probes. According to the detected analytes, such as cations, anions, and neutral small molecules, the triphenylamine-based fluorescent probes reported in the past five years are divided into three types. And on the viewpoint of their structures and performances, the new progress on the molecular design, synthesis and detecting application is reviewed. The developing potential of triphenylamine-based fluorescent probes is also envisioned, and the AIE-type probes with the properties of near-infrared and high photoluminescence quantum yield should be highlighted in the future.