An electrochemically enhanced solid-phase microextraction approach based on molecularly imprinted polypyrrole/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite coating for selective extraction of fluoroquinolones in aqueous samples |
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Authors: | Xue Liu Xiaochun Wang Feng Tan Hongxia Zhao Xie Quan Jingwen Chen Lianjun Li |
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Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Ecological Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Beijing 100037, PR China |
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Abstract: | In this study, an electrochemically enhanced solid-phase microextraction (EE-SPME) approach based on molecularly imprinted polypyrrole/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MIPPy/MWCNTs) composite coating on Pt wire was developed for selective extraction of fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) in aqueous samples. During the extraction, a direct current potential was applied to the MIPPy/MWCNTs/Pt fiber as working electrode in a standard three-electrode system, FQ ions suffered electrophoretic transfer to the coating surface and then entered into the shape-complimentary cavities by hydrogen-bonding and ion-exchange interactions. After EE-SPME extraction, the fiber was desorbed with desorption solvent for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Some parameters influencing EE-SPME extraction such as applied potential, extraction time, solution pH, ionic strength, and desorption solvent were optimized. EE-SPME showed good selectivity and higher extraction efficiency to FQs compared with that of traditional solid-phase microextraction. EE-SPME coupled with HPLC to determine FQs in water samples, the limits of detection (S/N = 3) for the selected FQs are 0.5–1.9 μg L−1. The proposed method was successfully used to the analysis of FQs spiked urine and soil samples, with recoveries of 85.1–94.2% for the urine samples and 89.8–95.5% for the soil samples. |
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Keywords: | EC-SPME electrochemically controlled solid-phase microextraction EE-SPME electrochemically enhanced solid-phase microextraction MIPPy/MWCNTs molecularly imprinted polypyrrole/multi-walled carbon nanotubes NIPPy/MWCNTs nonimprinted polypyrrole/multi-walled carbon nanotubes FQs fluoroquinolone antibiotics |
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