铂基氧还原催化剂在活性和稳定性方面的挑战

在质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）中,由于阴极氧还原反应（ORR）速率缓慢,因此开发高效的ORR催化剂是实现燃料电池商业化的关键. 世界各地的研究人员在提高催化剂活性和耐久性方面做出了不懈的努力. 目前,铂基催化剂仍然是商业应用上的首选,为开发实用的低铂氧还原催化剂,研究人员开展了大量的研究. 本文说明了ORR反应遇到的挑战,并介绍了近年来铂基氧还原催化剂的研究进展,具体包括ORR机理、铂核壳结构、一维纳米Pt催化剂和其他的代表性工作.

Challenges in the Activity and Stability of Pt-Based Catalysts toward ORR

The development of highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalysts is the key to the commercialization of fuel cells,where the sluggish ORR reaction rate needs to be overcome by adjusting the intermediates adsorption energies on the catalytic surfaces.To-date,platinum(Pt)-based materials are the-state-of-the-art catalysts in terms of both activity and stability in ORR,making them the preferred choice for commercial applications.However,the high cost of Pt-based catalysts limits their widespread use,leading to massive effects paid in reducing Pt loading,improving catalyst activity and stability.This article illustrates the challenges in the ORR reaction and introduces the recent research progresses in Pt-based oxygen reduction catalysts including the ORR mechanism,core-shell structures,one-dimensional nanostructure,and other representative works of Pt-based catalysts.Some perspectives in the future development trend of Pt-based catalysts are given at the end of the paper,hoping to provide readers with some ideological inspiration.